Table of Contents
What is the role of integrase?
Integrase catalyzes nucleophilic attack of the 3′ hydroxyl group at the ends of the processed DNA on a pair of phosphodiester bonds in the target DNA (DNA strand transfer). Cellular enzymes complete integration by repairing the resulting integration intermediate.
What is integrase activity?
Integrase possesses two major catalytic activities: an endonucleolytic cleavage at each 3′-OH extremities of the viral genome, named 3′-processing, and a strand transfer reaction leading to the insertion of the processed viral DNA into the target DNA by a trans-esterification mechanism.
Which viruses use integrase?
Retroviral integrase (IN) is an enzyme produced by a retrovirus (such as HIV) that integrates—forms covalent links between—its genetic information into that of the host cell it infects….Integrase.
| Integrase core domain | |
|---|---|
| Crystal structure of the RSV two-domain integrase. | |
| Identifiers | |
| Symbol | rve |
| Pfam | PF00665 |
What do integrase inhibitors do?
Integrase inhibitors stop integrase from working, which stops HIV from entering CD4 cells. These medications do not cure HIV, but they keep the virus from multiplying. As part of an antiretroviral treatment plan, they help reduce the amount of HIV in the body to undetectable levels.
What is the nucleocapsid of a virus?
Nucleocapsid: The genome + the protein coat of a virus. The nucleic acid (RNA or DNA) of the virus is its genome. The protein coat is its capsid. See also: Capsid.
Do all viruses have integrase?
This protein, subsequently named integrase (IN), is one of three enzymes encoded in all retroviral genomes [protease (PR), RT, and IN]. All three viral enzymes are contained in virus particles, along with RNA genomes, and are carried into the cell following virus entry.
What are the two roles of integrase?
Integrase is the viral enzyme that catalyzes the integration of virally derived DNA into the host cell DNA in the nucleus, forming a provirus that can be activated to produce viral proteins. Raltegravir, the first approved integrase inhibitor, is a useful addition to therapy in the setting of multidrug resistance.
Do human cells have integrase?
Integrase is also an attractive target because, like reverse transcriptase, no integrase activity is normally present in human cells. Once a cell is infected, an integrase inhibitor would not help the infected cell or reduce its production of new virions.
Is Dolutegravir integrase inhibitor?
Dolutegravir (DTG, S/GSK1349572) is a novel integrase inhibitor with a distinct in vitro resistance profile that includes substantial activity against HIV with Y143 or N155H plus secondary raltegravir-associated mutations or against the Q148 mutations alone; a broader activity range is observed for viruses with Q148 …
Where does integrase come from?
IN is a 288–amino-acid, 32-kDa viral enzyme that mediates the linkage of double-stranded viral DNA into the host cell genome. Integration occurs after the translocation of a large complex derived from the viral core from the cytoplasm into the nucleus.
What is SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid?
The SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid (N) protein is an abundant RNA-binding protein critical for viral genome packaging, yet the molecular details that underlie this process are poorly understood. The two folded domains interact minimally such that full-length N protein is a flexible and multivalent RNA-binding protein.
What is a nucleocapsid antigen?
SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein (NP) is an ideal target for viral antigen-based detection. A rapid and convenient method was developed based on fluorescence immunochromatographic (FIC) assay to detect the SARS-CoV-2 NP antigen.