Table of Contents
- 1 What is a short sequence of nucleotides?
- 2 What is the system that enables 4 nucleotides to code for the amino acid sequences of all proteins?
- 3 What has a section that binds to a codon?
- 4 How do you find the nucleotide sequence?
- 5 How many nucleotides are contained in a single codon?
- 6 What is the term for a three nucleotide sequence?
- 7 How is the nucleotide of a DNA strand copied?
- 8 Which is the leading strand in a replication forktherefore?
- 9 Which is the first nucleotidepolymerizing enzyme in the cell?
What is a short sequence of nucleotides?
First, the nucleotide sequence of DNA is copied into the nucleotide sequence of single-stranded RNA in a process called transcription. A short nucleotide sequence downstream from the coding region acts as a signal for the RNA to be cut at that position, and this becomes the 3′ end of the new RNA strand.
What is the system that enables 4 nucleotides to code for the amino acid sequences of all proteins?
The universal triple-nucleotide genetic code, allowing DNA-encoded mRNA to be translated into the amino acid sequences of proteins using transfer RNAs (tRNAs) and many accessory and modification factors, is essentially common to all living organisms on Earth (1,–3).
Which term refers to a sequence of three DNA nucleotides that codes for one amino acid?
A codon is a sequence of three DNA or RNA nucleotides that corresponds with a specific amino acid or stop signal during protein synthesis. Each codon corresponds to a single amino acid (or stop signal), and the full set of codons is called the genetic code.
What has a section that binds to a codon?
tRNA molecule
Each tRNA molecule consists of two distinct ends, one of which binds to a specific amino acid, and the other which binds to a specific codon in the mRNA sequence because it carries a series of nucleotides called an anticodon (Figure 3).
How do you find the nucleotide sequence?
A NUCLEOTIDE OR PROTEIN SEQUENCE
- Use the NCBI BLAST service to perform a similarity search.
- For a nucleotide sequence select the nucleotide blast service from the Basic BLAST section of the BLAST home page.
- Click the BLAST button to run the search and identify matching sequences.
What is the nucleotide order?
A nucleic acid sequence is a succession of bases signified by a series of a set of five different letters that indicate the order of nucleotides forming alleles within a DNA (using GACT) or RNA (GACU) molecule. By convention, sequences are usually presented from the 5′ end to the 3′ end.
How many nucleotides are contained in a single codon?
The nucleotide triplet that encodes an amino acid is called a codon. Each group of three nucleotides encodes one amino acid.
What is the term for a three nucleotide sequence?
Codon. Three-nucleotide sequence that codes for an amino acid.
What is an example of an Anticodon?
three unpaired nucleotides, called an anticodon. The anticodon of any one tRNA fits perfectly into the mRNA codon that codes for the amino acid attached to that tRNA; for example, the mRNA codon UUU, which codes for the amino acid phenylalanine, will be bound by the anticodon AAA.
How is the nucleotide of a DNA strand copied?
As discussed briefly in Chapter 1, DNAtemplatingis the process in which the nucleotidesequence of a DNA strand (or selected portions of a DNA strand) is copied by complementarybase-pairing (A with T, and Gwith C) into a complementary DNAsequence (Figure 5-2).
Which is the leading strand in a replication forktherefore?
A replication forktherefore has an asymmetric structure (Figure 5-8). The DNAdaughter strand that is synthesized continuously is known as the leading strand. Its synthesis slightly precedes the synthesis of the daughter strand that is synthesized discontinuously, known as the lagging strand.
Which is the monomer of a nucleic acid?
– (An organic molecule composed of a nitrogenous base, a monosaccharide, and a phosphate group; the monomer of a nucleic acid.) – An organic molecule composed of a nitrogenous base (a single- or double-ringed), a monosaccharide (a sugar – ribose or deoxyribose), and a phosphate group; the monomer of a nucleic acid.
Which is the first nucleotidepolymerizing enzyme in the cell?
The first nucleotidepolymerizing enzyme, DNA polymerase, was discovered in 1957. The free nucleotides that serve as substrates for this enzyme were found to be deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates, and their polymerization into DNArequired a single-stranded DNA template. The stepwise mechanism of this reactionis illustrated in Figures 5-3and 5-4.