Table of Contents
- 1 What do functional groups determine in a compound?
- 2 How does a functional group determine the use of the molecular compound?
- 3 How do you name molecules with functional groups?
- 4 What is meant by functional group explain with an example?
- 5 How do functional groups contribute to molecular properties?
- 6 What are functional groups give the names of any three functional groups and give two examples of each with structural formula?
- 7 How do you name a compound with multiple functional groups?
- 8 How are functional groups used in chemical reactions?
- 9 Where are the functional groups located in an aldehyde?
- 10 How are functional groups used in Materials Science?
What do functional groups determine in a compound?
Functional groups determine the chemical reactivity of an organic molecule. Functional groups are structural units that determine the chemical reactivity of a molecule under a given set of conditions. Organic compounds are classified into several major categories based on the functional groups they contain.
How does a functional group determine the use of the molecular compound?
Functional groups are important in chemistry because they are the portion of a molecule that is capable of characteristic reactions. They, therefore, determine the properties and chemistry of many organic compounds. A functional group gives an organic compound a property that is different than it would otherwise have.
What do functional groups identify?
Functional groups are responsible for the characteristic chemical reactions of organic compounds. They are less stable than the carbon backbone and are more likely to take part in chemical reactions. They determine the characteristics and chemical reactivity of organic molecules.
How do you name molecules with functional groups?
For naming purposes, the functional groups are assigned with priorities (Table 2.3). If the compound includes more than one functional groups, the one with the highest priority is the “parent structure” and determines the “parent name”; the other groups will be regarded as “substituents”.
What is meant by functional group explain with an example?
(a) An ‘atom’ or ‘a group of atoms’ which makes a carbon compound (or organic compound) reactive and decides its properties (or functions) is called a functional group. The alcohol group, -OH, present in ethanol, C2H5OH, is an example of a functional group.
How do you classify functional groups?
Functional groups are usually classified as hydrophobic or hydrophilic depending on their charge or polarity. An example of a hydrophobic group is the non-polar methane molecule.
How do functional groups contribute to molecular properties?
Functional groups are collections of atoms that attach the carbon skeleton of an organic molecule and confer specific properties. Functional groups in biological molecules play an important role in the formation of molecules like DNA, proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids.
What are functional groups give the names of any three functional groups and give two examples of each with structural formula?
3. Oxygen-Containing Functional Groups
| Functional Group and Formula | Suffix | Example |
|---|---|---|
| Carboxylate, R-COO– | -oate | Sodium Ethanoate (sodium acetate) |
| Carboxylic Acid, R-COOH | -oic acid | Ethanoic Acid (acetic acid) |
| Ester, R-(CO)-O-R’ | Alkyl alkanoate | Ethyl Butanoate (Ethyl butyrate) |
| Ether, R-O-R’ | Alkyl ether | Diethyl Ether (ethoxyethane) |
How do you identify a carbonyl group?
A carbonyl group is a chemically organic functional group composed of a carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom –> [C=O] The simplest carbonyl groups are aldehydes and ketones usually attached to another carbon compound.
How do you name a compound with multiple functional groups?
In naming molecules containing one or more of the functional groups in Group A, the group of highest priority is indicated by suffix; the others are indicated by prefix, with priority equivalent to any other substituents.
How are functional groups used in chemical reactions?
Functional groups will undergo the same type of reactions regardless of the compound of which they are a part; however, the presence of certain functional groups within close proximity can limit reactivity. Functional groups can be used to distinguish similar compounds from each other.
Can a compound have more than one functional group?
Naming a compound with more than one functional group is not as straightforward as it is for alkanes, alkyl halides or alkenes. For example, how do you name a molecule that contains a nitrile and a ketone?
Where are the functional groups located in an aldehyde?
Aldehyde: An aldehyde is characterized by the presence of a carbonyl functional group at the end of a compound’s carbon skeleton. An aldehyde is an organic compound that contains a carbonyl group with the central carbon bonded to a hydrogen and R group (R-CHO).
How are functional groups used in Materials Science?
In materials science, functionalization is employed to achieve desired surface properties; functional groups can also be used to covalently link functional molecules to the surfaces of chemical devices. In organic chemistry, the most common functional groups are carbonyls (C=O), alcohols (-OH), carboxylic acids (CO 2 H), esters (CO 2 R),