How does polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon PAH cause DNA damage?

How does polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon PAH cause DNA damage?

PAH-diol-epoxides react with DNA to produce adducts that have been identified in lung tissues, and might cause genomic instability and mutation [35]. These ROS induced genomic instability via their reactive electrophilic groups, causing DNA damage and increasing micronucleus frequencies.

Which hydrocarbon causes mutation and cancer?

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are made whenever substances are burned. PAHs are also found at former coal-gasification sites. Breathing smoke or coming into contact with contaminated soil exposes people to PAHs. Some PAHs may cause cancer and may affect the eyes, kidneys, and liver.

How do polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons cause mutations?

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) form stable and depurinating DNA adducts in mouse skin to induce preneoplastic mutations. Some mutations transform cells, which then clonally expand to establish tumors.

What is carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons?

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a class of widespread environmental carcinogens. It has been established that PAHs, after metabolic activation in vivo, are capable of inducing mutations in oncogenes and, by inducing multiple mutations, may result in tumors.

How is a compound classified as PAH?

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a large group of carcinogenic organic compounds, which originated from incomplete combustion or pyrolysis of organic matter. They are formed by two to six fused aromatic rings (linear, cluster, or angular arrangement), and they solely consist of carbon and hydrogen.

Which of the following is an example of polynuclear hydrocarbon?

chrysene. pyrene (note: benzo[a]pyrene was the first carcinogen to be discovered) pentacene. corannulene.

Where is PAH found?

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a class of chemicals that occur naturally in coal, crude oil, and gasoline. They also are produced when coal, oil, gas, wood, garbage, and tobacco are burned. PAHs generated from these sources can bind to or form small particles in the air.

Does blackened food cause cancer?

Although some studies how burnt, fried, or barbecued meat is associated with higher risk of certain cancers in lab tests, the connection between charred food and increased cancer risk is not proven for certain.

What causes DNA adducts?

DNA adducts are a form of DNA damage caused by covalent attachment of a chemical moiety to DNA. Adducts that are not removed by the cell can cause mutations that may give rise to cancer. They are frequently used as biomarkers for chemical hazard exposure or cancer therapy efficacy.

What are PAH DNA adducts?

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), of which benzo[a]pyrene is a representative member, are combustion-related environmental pollutants and include known carcinogens. Carcinogen-DNA adducts, a measure of procarcinogenic genetic damage, are considered a biomarker of increased cancer risk.

What is PAH in yerba mate?

Drinking mate, an aqueous infusion of the herb Ilex paraguariensis (also known as yerba mate or erva mate), is considered a main risk factor for ESCC in these areas of South America (2). Another potential mechanism for carcinogenicity of mate is its polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) content.

What is meant by polynuclear hydrocarbon?

A polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon is a hydrocarbon made up of fused aromatic ring molecules. These rings share one or more sides and contain delocalized electrons. Another way to consider PAHs is molecules made by fusing two or more benzene rings.

What are the different types of hydrocarbons and what are their properties?

Typically, hydrocarbons are colourless gases that have very weak odours. Hydrocarbons can feature simple or relatively complex structures and can be generally classified into four subcategories, namely alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, and aromatic hydrocarbons.

What is the formula for a double bonded hydrocarbon?

The double-bonded compounds are called alkenes and the triple bonded compounds are called alkynes. The general formula for alkenes is C n H 2n and for alkynes the general formula is C n H 2n-2. Cycloalkanes: These hydrocarbons possess one or multiple carbon rings. The hydrogen atom is attached to the carbon ring.

How are hydrocarbons able to bond to themselves?

The ability of hydrocarbons to bond to themselves is known as catenation. With such capabilities, they can form more complex molecules like cyclohexane and in rare instances, aromatic hydrocarbons like benzene. Meanwhile, cracking of Hydrocarbons is a process in which heavy organic molecules are broken down into lighter molecules.

How are aromatic compounds different from other hydrocarbons?

Aromatic Compounds. Aromatic compounds, originally named because of their fragrant properties, are unsaturated hydrocarbon ring structures that exhibit special properties, including unusual stability, due to their aromaticity. They are often represented as resonance structures containing single and double bonds.