What do you do in case of extravasation?

What do you do in case of extravasation?

If extravasation occurs, the injection should be stopped immediately and the IV tubing disconnected. Avoid applying pressure to the site, and do not flush the line. Leave the original catheter in place, and attempt to aspirate as much of the infiltrated drug as possible.

How do you recognize extravasation?

Extravasation may occur if the administration of the drug is too quick, the medication is very acidic or basic, or there is an obstruction in the intravenous (IV) line. The symptoms of extravasation include a painful stinging or burning sensation, swelling, and skin discoloration.

What is the very first thing you should do if you suspect a drug extravasation?

When an extravasation occurs or is suspected, the first action to take is to stop the infusion (AII). Leave the cannula in position and attempt to aspirate as much of the vesicant as possible from the device; if an antidote is available, an appropriate amount should be instillated through the existing i.v. (AIII).

What may indicate an extravasation injury?

Extravasation is the accidental leakage of certain medicines outside of the vein and into the surrounding tissues. Your child may have noticed pain, stinging, swelling or other changes to their skin at the site where they are given drugs or the nurse may have noticed that the drug was not flowing into the vein easily.

How do you give phentolamine for extravasation?

Phentolamine (Regitine)2,5 Prepare by diluting 5 mg phentolamine in 10 mL of 0.9% sodium chloride. Inject subcutaneously into the extravasation area within 12 hours of extravasation. Blanching should reverse immediately; additional injections may be required if blanching returns.

How is extravasation different from infiltration?

The difference between an infiltration and extravasation is the type of medicine or fluid that is leaked. Infiltration – if the fluid is a non-vesicant (does not irritate tissue), it is called an infiltration. Extravasation – if the fluid is a vesicant (a fluid that irritates tissue), it is called an extravasation.

How common is extravasation?

The annual incidence of extravasation injury is only 0.1% to 0.7%, and it is 4.7-6.5% in the chemotherapy patient population and ranges from 11% to 58% in children.

What is medical extravasation?

(ek-STRA-vuh-SAY-shun) The leakage of blood, lymph, or other fluid, such as an anticancer drug, from a blood vessel or tube into the tissue around it. It is also used to describe the movement of cells out of a blood vessel into tissue during inflammation or metastasis (the spread of cancer).

What should a nurse do to prevent extravasation?

Preventing extravasation

1. Know your hospital’s policy about the use of antidotes for vesicants.
2. Make sure you know the antidote and other recommended treatment for the vesicant drug you’re giving.
3. Ensure that the drug has been properly diluted before injection or infusion.

What should be applied to an anthracycline extravasation?

Preclinical and clinical studies are leading to the clinical implementation of dexrazoxane as the first and only proven antidote in anthracycline extravasation. In two multicenter studies dexrazoxane has proven to be highly effective in preventing skin necrosis and ulceration.

What is the purpose of extravasation?

The main objective for treating extravasation injuries is to prevent pain and progression to tissue necrosis, ulceration, and scarring. However, there is no consensus on the best approach to management.

Why does extravasation happen?

An extravasation occurs when there is accidental infiltration of a vesicant or chemotherapeutic drug into the surrounding IV site. Vesicants can cause tissue destruction and / or blistering. Irritants can result in pain at the IV site and along the vein and may or may not cause inflammation.