What is the main pathology of myocardial infarction?

What is the main pathology of myocardial infarction?

The major cause of acute myocardial infarction (MI) is coronary atherosclerosis with superimposed luminal thrombus, which accounts for more than 80% of all infarcts. MIs resulting from nonatherosclerotic diseases of the coronary arteries are rare.

What describes the basic pathophysiology of myocardial infarction?

Myocardial infarction (“heart attack”) is the irreversible damage of myocardial tissue caused by prolonged ischemia and hypoxia. This most commonly occurs when a coronary artery becomes occluded following the rupture of an atherosclerotic plaque, which then leads to the formation of a blood clot (coronary thrombosis).

What is the pathophysiology of heart attack?

A heart attack occurs when an artery supplying your heart with blood and oxygen becomes blocked. Fatty deposits build up over time, forming plaques in your heart’s arteries. If a plaque ruptures, a blood clot can form and block your arteries, causing a heart attack.

What is the pathophysiology of myocardial ischemia?

Myocardial ischemia is a consequence of reduced blood flow in coronary arteries, due to a combination of fixed vessel narrowing and abnormal vascular tone as a result of atherosclerosis and endothelial dysfunction. This leads to an imbalance between myocardial oxygen supply and demand.

What is Mi physiology?

Myocardial infarction, or “heart attack,” is irreversible damage to myocardial tissues caused by prolonged ischemia/hypoxia and by reperfusion-induced injury. The damaged tissue is initially composed of a necrotic core surrounded by a marginal (or border) zone that can recover or become irreversibly damaged.

What are the main causes of myocardial infarction?

A heart attack occurs when one of the heart’s coronary arteries is blocked suddenly or has extremely slow blood flow. A heart attack also is called a myocardial infarction. The usual cause of sudden blockage in a coronary artery is the formation of a blood clot (thrombus).

What are the pathophysiological findings specifying an MI?

The symptoms of acute myocardial infarction (MI) are chest pain, which may radiate to the arm or jaw, sweating, nausea, and chest tightness or pressure. The diagnosis rests on laboratory findings of myocardial necrosis, which causes leakage of myocardial enzymes, such as troponin, into the circulating blood.

What happens myocardial infarction?

Overview. A heart attack (myocardial infarction) happens when one or more areas of the heart muscle don’t get enough oxygen. This happens when blood flow to the heart muscle is blocked.

What is the pathophysiology of congestive heart failure?

Congestive heart failure is a syndrome that can be caused by a variety of abnormalities, including pressure and volume overload, loss of muscle, primary muscle disease or excessive peripheral demands such as high output failure. In the usual form of heart failure, the heart muscle has reduced contractility.

What are the causes of MI?

What are the causes of myocardial infarction (MI, heart attack) other than atherosclerosis?

• Coronary occlusion secondary to vasculitis.
• Ventricular hypertrophy (eg, left ventricular hypertrophy, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy)
• Coronary artery emboli, secondary to cholesterol, air, or the products of sepsis.
• Coronary trauma.

What is myocardial infarction anatomy and physiology?

Myocardial infarction (MI) is the formal term for what is commonly referred to as a heart attack. It normally results from a lack of blood flow (ischemia) and oxygen (hypoxia) to a region of the heart, resulting in death of the cardiac muscle cells.

What is the diagnosis of myocardial infarction?

Acute myocardial infarction is myocardial necrosis resulting from acute obstruction of a coronary artery. Symptoms include chest discomfort with or without dyspnea, nausea, and diaphoresis. Diagnosis is by ECG and the presence or absence of serologic markers.

What is the prognosis for myocardial infarction?

Acute myocardial infarction (MI) is associated with a 30% mortality rate; about 50% of the deaths occur prior to arrival at the hospital. An additional 5-10% of survivors die within the first year after their myocardial infarction.

What are the complications of myocardial infarction?

There are three major mechanical complications of acute myocardial infarction (MI): rupture of the left ventricular free wall; rupture of the interventricular septum ; and the development of mitral regurgitation.

What are the types of myocardial infarction?

Myocardial infarction has been classified into types 1 to 5 of which type 4 has subtypes a and b. Type 1 is spontaneous myocardial infarction due to a primary coronary event like plaque rupture. Type 2 is secondary to a supply demand mismatch as in coronary vasospasm, anemia or hypotension .

How is myocardial infarction pain described?

Chest pain is the most common symptom of acute myocardial infarction and is often described as a sensation of tightness, pressure, or squeezing . Pain radiates most often to the left arm, but may also radiate to the lower jaw, neck, right arm, back, and upper abdomen .