What is normally consolidated soil?

What is normally consolidated soil?

A soil that is currently experiencing its highest stress is said to be “normally consolidated” and has an OCR of one. A soil could be considered “underconsolidated” or “unconsolidated” immediately after a new load is applied but before the excess pore water pressure has dissipated.

What are the different types of consolidation?

Consolidation of soil is composed of three components which include initial consolidation, primary consolidation, and secondary consolidation:

• Initial Consolidation.
• Primary Consolidation.
• Secondary Consolidation.

What is the meaning of consolidation in geotechnical engineering?

The term consolidation describes the process by which a soil mass decreases in volume in response to either natural or man-made loadings. This meaning of the term consolidation has been used generally by soil and geotechnical engineers since Terzaghi (1925, 1943) developed the theory of consolidation in the 1920s.

What is consolidation and its type?

Consolidation is the gradual reduction in the volume of a partly or fully saturated soil under sustained loading and is mainly due to the expulsion of water from the soil pores. When a static load is applied to a saturated (or nearly saturated) clay.

What is normally consolidated soil and over consolidated soil?

Overconsolidation. If the current state of soil is on the normal compression line it is said to be normally consolidated. If the soil is unloaded it becomes overconsolidated.

What are normally consolidated clay and Overconsolidated clay?

➢ Normally consolidated clays are these that are currently experiencing the maximum vertical overburden effective pressure they have ever experienced in their history. ➢ Over consolidated clays have experienced a higher overburden stress in the past.

What is CV in consolidation?

cv is the coefficient of consolidation and is a measure of the rate at which the consolidation process proceeds. In many consolidation problems in which the total stress σ remains constant throughout.

What are the two types of consolidation?

There are two major processes that lead to the final consolidation. These are synaptic consolidation which takes place within immediate hours of learning and encoding while the other is system consolidation where hippocampal memories are independent of hippocampus storage after a certain period of time.

Why is consolidation important in engineering?

Consolidation plays an important role in stability analysis for the embankment, footings or a column constructed on clayey soils. The consolidation problem has been formulated by many researchers by coupling the soil deformation and the pore pressure.

What is normal consolidation over consolidation?

If the current effective stress, s’, is equal (note that it cannot be greater than) to the preconsolidation stress, then the deposit is said to be normally consolidated (NC). If the current effective stress is less than the preconsolidation stress, then the soil is said to be over-consolidated (OC).

What does normally consolidated clay mean?

Clay that is compacted by exactly the amount to be expected from the pressure exerted by the overburden; clay which has never been overloaded.

What is normally loaded clay?

The soil that has never experienced a value of effective stress that is excessive compared to the existing effective stress is known as normally consolidated clay. The clayey soil can be termed as normally consolidated clay, when the over-consolidation ratio (OCR) equals to one. …

What are the assumptions in Terzaghi’s theory of consolidation?

Compression takes place only due to expulsion of pore water, that is, the initial and secondary consolidation is neglected. 9. The coefficient of consolidation for a given soil and site conditions is assumed to be constant. The validity of the assumptions made in Terzaghi’s theory of one-dimensional consolidation is discussed as follows: 1.

Are there any assumptions in the theory of consolidation?

The validity of the assumptions made in Terzaghi’s theory of one-dimensional consolidation is discussed as follows: 1. Assumptions 1, 2, and 4 are reasonable and valid for most practical situations. 2. Consolidation is generally three-dimensional (3D) in the field.

What is the principle of Karl von Terzaghi?

Terzaghi’s principle. that when a rock is subjected to a stress, it is opposed by the fluid pressure of pores in the rock. More specifically, Karl von Terzaghi’s Principle, also known as Terzaghi’s theory of one-dimensional consolidation, states that all quantifiable changes in stress to a soil [compression, deformation,…

How is the theory of consolidation related to time settlement?

Time taken for a given settlement to occur. Terzaghi developed the theory of consolidation that makes these time-settlement computations possible. 1. Velocity of Pore Water: Let u be the excess pore pressure developed at any instant of time during consolidation.